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Copolymer 1 (Glatiramer acetate; Glatiramer)

Selected References:

  • Bove R, et al. 2014. Management of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and the reproductive years: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 124:1157-68. PMID: 25415167
  • Ciplea AI, et al. 2020. Safety of potential breast milk exposure to IFN-beta or glatiramer acetate: One-year infant outcomes. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 7(4) e757.
  • Ciplea AI, et al. 2022. Eighteen-month safety analysis of offspring breastfed by mothers receiving glatiramer acetate therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis – COBRA study. Mult Scler. 2022 Sep;28(10):1641-1650.
  • Comi G. and Moiola L. 1997. Copolymer-1. Baillieres Clin Neurol. 6(3):495-509.
  • Fragoso YD, et al. 2013. Long-term effects of exposure to disease-modifying drugs in the offspring of mothers with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective chart review. CNS Drugs. 27(11):955-61.
  • Fragoso YD, et al. 2010. Long-term use of glatiramer acetate by 11 pregnant women with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective, multicentre case series. CNS Drugs. 24(11):969-76.
  • Fragoso YD, et al. 2013. The effects of long-term exposure to disease-modifying drugs during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115:154-9. PMID: 22633835
  • Giannini M, et al. 2012. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after glatiramer acetate exposure in patients with multiple sclerosis: a prospective observational multicentric study. BMC neurology 12.1, 124.
  • Hellwig K, Gold R. 2011. Glatiramer acetate and interferon-beta throughout gestation and postpartum in women with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol.258(3):502-3.
  • Herbstritt S, et al. 2016. Glatiramer acetate during early pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22.6: 810-816.
  • Kaplan, S., Zeygarnik, M. & Stern, T. 2022. Pregnancy, Fetal, and Infant Outcomes Following Maternal Exposure to Glatiramer Acetate During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Drug Saf 45, 345–357.
  • Lopez-Leon S, et al. 2020. A systematic review and meta-analyses of pregnancy and fetal outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis: a contribution from the IMI2 ConcePTION project. J Neurol. 267(9):2721-2731.
  • Lu E, et al. 2014. Birth outcomes in newborns fathered by men with multiple sclerosis exposed to disease-modifying drugs. CNS Drugs 28(5): 475-82.
  • Sandberg-Wollheim M, et al. 2018. Pregnancy outcomes from the branded glatiramer acetate pregnancy database. Int J MS Care. 20:9-14.
  • Weber-Schoendorfer C, et al. 2009. Multiple sclerosis, immunomodulators, and pregnancy outcome: a prospective observational study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 15.9: 1037-1042.

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