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Hydrocodone

Selected References:

  • Anderson PO, et al. 2007. Hydrocodone excretion into breast milk: the first two reported cases. Breastfeeding Medicine, 2(1):10-14.
  • Azuine RE, et al, 2019. Prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid exposure in an urban, low-income, multiethnic US population. JAMA Network Open, 2(6); e196405-196405.
  • Broussard CS, et al, 2011. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204(4):314.e1-11.
  • Desai RJ, et al, 2015. Exposure to prescription opioid analgesics in utero and risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome: population based cohort study. BMJ, 350:h2012.
  • Fishman B, et al. 2019. Pregnancy outcome following opioid exposure: A cohort study. PloS One, 14(7):e0219061.
  • Flannagan KS, et al. 2020. Prescription opioid use among populations of reproductive age: effects on fertility, pregnancy loss, and pregnancy complications. Epidemiol Rev, 42(1):117-133.
  • Fronczak CM, et al. 2012. The insults of illicit drug use on male fertility. Journal of Andrology, 33(4): 515-528.
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA: Publishing Sciences Group.
  • Hsieh A. 2018. Management strategies in opioid abuse and sexual dysfunction: a review of opioid-induced androgen deficiency. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 6(4):618-623.
  • Kellogg A, et al. 2011. Current trends in narcotic use in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204(3):259.e1-4.
  • Kerry SF, et al. 2020. Prescription opioid use among populations of reproductive age: effects on fertility, pregnancy loss, and pregnancy complications. Epidemiol Rev, 42(1):117-133.
  • Lind JN, et al. 2017. Maternal use of opioids during pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 139(6):e20164131.
  • Madadi P, et al. 2012. Pharmacogenetics of opioids for the treatment of acute maternal pain during pregnancy and lactation. Curr Drug Metab, 13(6):721-727.
  • Patrick SW, et al. 2015. Prescription opioid epidemic and infant outcomes. Pediatrics, 135(5):842-850.
  • Reece-Stremtan S, et al. 2017. ABM Clinical Protocol #15: Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Breastfeeding Mother, Revised 2017. Breastfeeding Medicine, 12(9):500-506.
  • Rosa F, personal communication, FDA. 1993. Cited in: Briggs GG, et al. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation Online, Hudson, Ohio: Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. Nov 15, 2017.
  • Ryan KS, et al. 2023. Opioid use in pregnancy: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 78(1):35-49.
  • Sauberan JB, et al. 2011. Breast milk hydrocodone and hydromorphone levels in mothers using hydrocodone for postpartum pain. Obst Gynecol, 117(3):611-617.
  • Schick B, et al. 1996. Preliminary analysis of first trimester exposure to oxycodone and hydrocodone. Reprod Toxicol, 10:162.
  • Semet M, et al. 2017. The impact of drugs on male fertility: a review. Andrology, 5(4):640-663.
  • Shirel T, et al. 2016. Maternal opioid dose is associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome in children born to women with sickle cell disease. Am J Hematology, 91(4):416-419.
  • Smith MV, et al. 2015. Clinical correlates of prescription opioid analgesic use in pregnancy. Matern Child Health J, 19(3):548-556.
  • Sujan AC, et al. 2019. Maternal prescribed opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and associations with adverse birth outcomes: a population-based study. PLoS Medicine, 16(12):e1002980.

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