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- Edwards JE, et al. 2003. Hydromorphone transfer into breast milk after intranasal administration. Pharmacotherapy, 23(2):153-158.
- Fishman B, et al. 2019. Pregnancy outcome following opioid exposure: a cohort study. PLoS One, 14(7):e0219061.
- Larson JJ, et al. 2019. Cognitive and behavioral impact on children exposed to opioids during pregnancy. Pediatrics, 144(2): e20190514.
- Lind JN, et al. 2017. Maternal use of opioids during pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systemic review. Pediatrics, 139(6):e20164131.
- Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P. 2021. Hydromorphone hydrochloride product labeling. Available at https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=37565441-0d95-4743-a695-d7b3326f58a1.
- Sinatra RS, et al. 2002. Continuous epidural infusion of 0.05% bupivacaine plus hydromorphone for labor analgesia: an observational assessment in 1830 parturients. Anesth Analg, 94(5):1310-1311.
- Yazdy MM, et al. 2013. Periconceptional use of opioids and the risk of neural tube defects. ObstetGynecol, 122(4):833-844.
