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Naproxen

Selected References:

  • Alano MA, et al. 2001. Analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in meconium and its relation to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics, 107:519-523.
  • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (n.d.). NSAIDs may cause rare kidney problems in unborn babies. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-recommends-avoiding-use-nsaids-pregnancy-20-weeks-or-later-because-they-can-result-low-amniotic
  • Choi EY, et al. 2023. Neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes and exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
  • drugs during early pregnancy in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study, PLoS Med 20(2):1-19.
  • Delker E, et al. 2023. Associations of prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with preterm birth and small for gestational age infants among women with autoimmune disorders, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 32:225–237.
  • Ericson A & Kallen BA. 2001. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in early pregnancy. Reproductive Toxicology, 15:371-375.
  • Esposito DB, et al. 2021. Periconceptional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, folic acid intake, and the risk of spina bifida. Birth Defects Res, 113(17):1257-1266.
  • Hernandez RK, et al. 2012. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use among women and the risk of birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 206(3):228.e1-8.
  • Hultzsch S, et al. 2021. First trimester naproxen exposure and outcome of pregnancy – a German case series. Reprod Toxicol, 103:51-57.
  • Ito S, et al. 1993. Prospective follow-up of adverse reactions in breast-fed infants exposed to maternal medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 168(5):1393-1399.
  • Janssen NM & Genta MS. 2000. The effects of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory medications on fertility, pregnancy, and lactation. Arch Intern Med, 160(5):610-619.
  • Kabir Chowdhury MA, et al. 2023. Relationship of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among offspring. Journal of Women’s Health 32(3):356-365.
  • Kallen BA. 2003. Maternal drug use and infant cleft lip/palate with special reference to corticoids. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 40(6):624-628.
  • Kallen BA & Olausson PO. 2003. Maternal drug use in early pregnancy and infant cardiovascular defect. Reprod Toxicol 17(3):255-261.
  • Koren G et al. 2006. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs during third trimester and the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus: a meta-analysis. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 40:824-829.
  • Malm H & Borish C. 2015. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antirheumatic drugs. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment, 3rd P. 41-45. London: Elsevier.
  • Markovic M, et al. 2019. Prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 28(4):452-459.
  • McInerney KA, et al. 2017. Preconception use of pain-relievers and time-to-pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod, 32(1):103-111.
  • Nakhai-Pour HR, et al. 2011. Use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. CMAJ, 183(15):1713-1720.
  • Nielsen GL, et al. 2001. Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case control study. BMJ, 322(7281):266-270.
  • Li D, et al. 2003. Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study. BMJ, 327:1-5.
  • Li DK, et al. 2018. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 219(3):275.e1-275.e8.
  • Ofori B, et al. 2006. Risk of congenital anomalies in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a nested case-control study. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 77(4):268-279.
  • Ostensen M & Ostensen H. 1996. Safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in pregnant patients with rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol, 23(6):1045-1049.
  • Spencer JP, et al. 2001. Medications in the breast-feeding mother. Am Fam Physician, 64(1):119-127.
  • Tanaka S, et al. 2016. Prediction of fetal ductus arteriosus constriction by systemic and local dermatological formulations of NSAIDs based on PK/PD analysis. In J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 54(10):782-794.

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