Selected References
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- Arup Laboratories. 2019. Drug Plasma Half-Life and Urine Detection Window.
- Bloor M, et al. 2012. Tramadol in pregnancy and lactation. Int J Obstet Anesth 21:163-7.
- De Wit D & Koomen-Botman. 2013. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after maternal use of tramadol. [Article in Dutch] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 157(9):A5610.
- Hartenstein S, et al. 2010. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) after intrauterine exposure to tramadol. J Perinat Med 38: 695–6.
- Ilett KF, et al. 2008. Use of a sparse sampling study design to assess transfer of tramadol and its o-desmethyl metabolite into transitional breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 65:661-6.
- Kallen B & Reis M. 2015. Use of tramadol in early pregnancy and congenital malformation risk. Reprod Toxicol. 23;58:246-251.
- Kaur Makkar J, et al. 2015. Comparison of analgesic effiay of paracetamol and tramado for pain relief in active labor. Clin Anesth. 27(2):159-63.
- Meyer FP, et al. 1997. Tramadol withdrawal in a neonate. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 53: 159–60.
- O’Mara K, et al. 2010. Treatment of neonatal withdrawal with clonidine after longterm, high-dose maternal use of tramadol. Ann Pharmacother 44: 1342–4.
- Schuckit MA. 2016. Treatment of opioid-use disorders. N Engl J.Med. 375:357–68
- Subedi A. et al. 2013. Analgesic effects of intrathecal tramadol in patients undergoing caesarean section: a randomised, double-blind study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 22(4):316-21.
- S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against the use in breastfeeding women. Available from URL: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm549679.htm
- Willaschek C, et al. 2009. Tramadol withdrawal in a neonate after long-term analgesic treatment of the mother. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65: 429–30.
